Unless you’ve been living under a rock, you know junk food isn’t good for you. But did you know it may also cause eye problems? It’s recently been shown that fatty snack foods may lead to macular degeneration, which causes vision impairment for many seniors.

To protect your eyes, you need to find healthy alternatives to the foods you love that don’t love you back. Thankfully, many healthy foods contain vitamins that actually promote eye health. Foods rich in beta-carotene (vitamin A) have been proven to positively affect both night vision and day-to-day eyesight and helps prevent cataract and macular degeneration. Foods that contain thiamine (vitamin B1) and vitamin E prevent lens deterioration, and foods rich in vitamin C provide antioxidants help prevent glaucoma.

Other nutrients also support healthy vision. There may be evidence that lutein could reduce eye problems, according to the National Eye Institute. Their researchers have even gone out on a limb and said that zinc, found in shellfish, eggs, legumes, herring, liver and milk, reduces the risk of advanced age-related macular degeneration and vision loss. The also believe that fish, such as salmon and sardines, contains omega-3 fatty acids that promote retina health.

It just takes a little extra effort to add more eye-healthy foods to your daily routine. The following healthy recipes will help you do just that:

Coleslaw with Visionary Power
Makes 8 servings

• 2 6-oz. containers of low-fat pineapple yogurt
• 3/4 tsp. salt
• 2 T. low-fat mayonnaise
• 1 head of cabbage, thinly sliced
• 4 carrots, shredded
• 1 small sweet bell pepper, finely chopped
• 1 small onion, finely chopped

1. Whisk yogurt, mayonnaise and salt together in a large bowl.

2. Chop the cabbage, sweet bell pepper and onion; scrub and then shred the carrots. Don’t peel them so you preserve the vitamins and minerals near the surface. Add these ingredients to the yogurt mixture bowl and mix well.

Eye-Bright Salad
Makes 8 servings

• 2 heads of Romaine lettuce
• 4 scallions, thinly sliced
• 2 C. sweet bell peppers, diced
• 2 C. cucumber, diced
• 2 C. carrots, shredded
• 2 C. tomatoes, diced
• 2 avocados
• 1-1/2 T. lime juice
• Salt, to taste
• Pepper, to taste

1. Cut the ribs from the Romaine and chop the leaves into pieces and place them in a large salad bowl.

2. Wash the scallions, tomatoes, bell pepper and cucumber, and remove the seeds from the bell pepper and cucumber. Chop all the vegetables.

3. Scrub and shred the carrot.

4. Place all the above ingredients in the bowl.

5. Cut the avocados into 1/2-inch square pieces and place them into a separate bowl, covering it with a small amount of lime juice to prevent discoloration. Toss together until they’re coated and then add the pieces to the salad bowl.

6. Add a small amount of low-fat dressing and gently toss all the ingredients.

We hope you enjoy making these healthy recipes that are good for your vision.

You might also be interested in these other recipes:

• Beet Juicing Recipes
• Blueberry Recipes with Antioxidant Power
• Broccoli Recipes
• Asparagus Recipes
• Garlic Recipes with Antiviral Power
• Pasta Recipes to Boost Your Immune System
• Recipes to Control Blood Sugar
• Recipes to Keep Anemia at Bay

Please see the rest of our site for more health articles.

Image by docbaty via Flickr

Love tomatoes and pasta?

The Spicy Pasta and Mexican Pasta recipes below combine them to benefit your immune system.

Every day, your immune system battles the millions of bacteria, microbes, toxins and viruses that try to invade your body. From colds and flu to allergies, from gastric conditions to infection to depression, a strong immune system is your first line of defense. But this complex and highly interactive network of organs and specialized cells can help keep you healthy only if it’s healthy itself.

So how do you make sure your immune system stays strong? Along with getting enough sleep and exercise, and keeping your stress level down, eating right is a key component to having lifelong good health. A low-fat, high-fiber, nutrient-rich diet will keep your immune system in top-notch condition. Research suggests that the following vitamins and minerals, in particular, regulate a wide variety of immune system functions:

• Vitamin A
• B vitamins
• Vitamin C
• Zinc
• Selenium
• Magnesium

While it’s a good idea to take a vitamin and mineral supplement to ensure you’re getting the nutrients your body needs, you can get immunity-boosting nutrients from a number of different foods. The following recipes, rich in the vitamins and minerals listed above, offer a delicious way to keep your immune system strong:

Spicy Pasta

Serves 4

• 2 teaspoons olive oil
• 3/4 pound spicy sausage, sliced into pieces
• 1 teaspoon chili powder
• 1/2 teaspoon oregano
• 3 garlic cloves, minced
• 1 large onion, diced
• 1/4 cup water
• 1 large red bell pepper, diced
• 1 large green bell pepper, diced
• 1 can (14-½ oz) stewed tomatoes, chopped
• 1 can (8 oz) tomato sauce
• 1/4 teaspoon hot pepper sauce
• 1/4 teaspoon salt
• 1/4 teaspoon black pepper
• 8 oz package vermicelli or angel hair pasta

1. Cook pasta according to package directions. Drain well and set aside.
2. Heat oil in a large skillet over medium heat. Add the sausage pieces and cook five minutes or until browned all over. With a slotted spoon, transfer sausage to a plate and cover loosely to keep warm.
3. Add minced garlic, chili powder and oregano to skillet. Stir and cook about 1 minute.
4. Add onion to skillet. Stir to coat with spices.
5. Add water. Cook, stirring occasionally, until onion has softened (5-7 minutes).
6. Stir in red and green bell peppers. Cook 4-5 minutes, or until crisp-tender.
7. Stir in stewed tomatoes and their juices, tomato sauce, hot pepper sauce, salt and pepper.
8. Add sausages and bring to a boil; then reduce to a simmer.
9. Cover and cook until sausage is thoroughly cooked (about 5 minutes).
10. Serve over pasta.

Mexican Pasta

Serves 4

• 1 tablespoon olive oil
• 3 green onions, thinly sliced
• 2 cloves garlic, finely chopped
• 1/2 lb lean ground beef or ground turkey
• 1 tablespoon chili powder
• 1/4 teaspoon salt
• 1 can (14-½ oz) stewed tomatoes, chopped
• 1 jalapeno pepper, finely chopped
• 1/3 cup shredded Monterey Jack or cheddar cheese
• 1/4 cup chopped cilantro
• 8 oz package bow- or corkscrew-shaped whole wheat pasta

1. Cook pasta according to package directions. Drain well and place in a large bowl.
2. Heat oil in a large skillet over medium-high heat. Add green onions and garlic and cook 30 seconds.
3. Crumble in ground beef. Sprinkle with chili powder and salt. Cook, stirring frequently, about 5 minutes, or until beef is no longer pink.
4. Add tomatoes and their juices, and jalapeno. Bring to a boil over high heat. Reduce heat to medium; cover and cook 5 minutes.
5. Pour sauce over pasta.
6. Sprinkle with cheese and cilantro. Toss to mix.

These pasta dishes use canned stewed tomatoes, but you can also substitute fresh tomatoes for the canned variety in either dish. It’s easy to stew them yourself:

Stewed tomatoes

1. Peel and core tomatoes.
2. Melt 1 tablespoon butter in a large saucepan.
3. Add tomatoes and stir over medium heat for 1 minute.
4. Cover and simmer for 20-25 minutes.

You might also be interested in these other recipes:

• Blueberry Recipes with Antioxidant Power
• Beetroot Juice Recipes
• Broccoli Recipes
• Asparagus Recipes
• Garlic Recipes with Antiviral Power
• Recipes to Control Blood Sugar
• Recipes to Help Your Vision
• Recipes to Keep Anemia at Bay

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About 40 percent of Americans take at least one vitamin or mineral supplement daily and another 20 percent take them occasionally. Taking vitamins and minerals seems to fall within a gray area — giving your body what it needs by taking supplements certainly benefits you in every way, but knowing how to assess that need is often difficult. Without testing, it’s hard to say which vitamins and minerals you personally need. But these general guidelines apply if you’re in one of these special needs groups:

Pregnant and breast-feeding women
Women who are pregnant or breast-feeding generally need additional vitamins, and the B vitamins are particularly important. Folic acid reduces the risk for neural tube defects and possibly facial abnormalities, such as cleft palate, in newborns. Multivitamins also appear to protect against certain congenital heart defects. In order to be protective, however, both folic acid and multivitamin supplements must be taken before a woman actually becomes pregnant. Folate levels, even in a healthy diet, may not be protective enough for pregnant women, and so supplements are needed. The RDA for folic acid prior to conception and during pregnancy is 400 mcg. During breast-feeding, between 260 and 280 mcg is recommended. Choline, another B vitamin, is also essential for pregnant and nursing women — 450 mg during pregnancy and 550 when breast-feeding. Vitamin B6 may help improve morning sickness. Although one study suggested that if pregnant women take vitamin K supplements, their infants might not need the required injection of this vitamin after birth, supplements of vitamin K during pregnancy are not currently recommended.

Some women have low vitamin A reserves in their livers, but it is important to note that too much vitamin A significantly increases the risk for birth defects. Daily amounts of 10,000 IU of vitamin A in supplements and food (an amount not far above the RDA level) can pose a danger. Experts recommend that pregnant women take in no more than 8,000 IU per day and avoid eating liver.

Infants and children
Infants who are breast-fed by healthy mothers receive enough vitamins except, in some cases, vitamins K and D. Human milk has low levels of K, and the newborn’s immature intestinal tract may not produce enough to supply sufficient amounts to the baby. Most babies are given an injection of vitamin K at birth. Infants who are breast-fed by malnourished women or by those who lacked sufficient exposure to sunlight may be deficient in vitamin D. In these cases, supplements of 200-300 IU are recommended. Formulas are required to contain sufficient vitamins and minerals. One study suggests that when infants under 1 year of age take vitamin supplements it may help protect them from developing Type I diabetes later in life. Beyond infancy, most American children receive all the vitamins they need from their diets, unless they are living in severely deprived circumstances.

Smokers
Smoking interferes with absorption of a number of vitamins; most importantly, vitamin C. Folic acid supplements may be important for all smokers. When smokers take high doses of antioxidant vitamins, however, it may actually be harmful, especially beta-carotene. Instead of taking supplements, most smokers should be sure their diets are rich in fresh fruits and vegetables and whole grains.

Alcoholics
Alcoholics often suffer from multiple vitamin deficiencies. The most dangerous deficiencies are from vitamin B1 (thiamin), folic acid, vitamin B6 (pyridoxine), vitamin B2 (riboflavin) and vitamin C.

Dieters and vegetarians
People on weight-reduction diets of fewer than 1,000 calories per day should probably take multivitamins and should also check regularly with a physician. Vegetarians who do not eat dairy or meat products may need riboflavin, vitamin B12 and vitamin D supplements. Those who eat eggs and dairy products need only watch their iron levels.

Older adults
Deficiencies of vitamins and important minerals have been observed in almost one-third of elderly people, who often fail to eat balanced meals regularly. Multiple drug regimens that are prescribed for some elderly people may prevent absorption of some vitamins. The elderly, particularly if they are not exposed to sunlight, may be deficient in vitamin D. They also may have low levels of vitamin B6, folic acid and vitamin B12. (Older adults showing signs of dementia should be checked for vitamin B12 deficiencies as well as other disorders that cause mental disturbances.)

One study reported that the immune systems of elderly people might benefit from vitamin E in levels higher than the daily recommended dosage. It should be noted, however, that metabolism slows down as a person ages, and in elderly people it takes longer for the liver to eliminate drugs and vitamins from the body. The effect of some vitamin supplements, therefore, may be intensified. Dosage levels of vitamin A, for instance, which might be harmless in a younger adult, could be toxic in an elderly patient. Nevertheless, experts are increasingly recommending extra vitamins and minerals for older people.

Photo by Alexander Kalina

Vitamin A is part of a group of compounds called retinoids and is essential for growth, bone development, night vision, reproduction and healthy skin. It is present in animal products (such as liver), dairy products, eggs and fish liver oil, and is also converted from carotenoids, which are found in dark red, green, and yellow vegetables. Vitamin A is best absorbed when taken with a meal that includes dietary fat.

Average DRI is 875 mcg. Supplements are rarely recommended for people with normal diets because there is risk of toxicity.

Deficiencies of vitamin A
Deficiencies of vitamin A can cause skin disorders and eye damage. In less-developed countries severe deficiencies cause blindness in 250,000 children each year. Diets low in vitamin A may also increase the risk of developing cancer. Deficiencies in the US are rare but can result from inadequate diets (usually in preschool children) or in women who are pregnant or breast-feeding; from intestinal disorders, such as cystic fibrosis, steatorrhea (excessive fat in the stool) and biliary obstruction; from hyperthyroidism; and from cirrhosis of the liver and other liver diseases.

Toxicity of vitamin A
Vitamin A can be very toxic when taken in high-dose supplements for long periods of time. Almost every part of the body can be affected, including eyes, bones, blood, skin, central nervous system, liver, and genital and urinary tracts. Symptoms include dizziness, nausea, vomiting, headache, skin damage, mental disturbances and, in women, infrequent periods. Severe toxicity can cause blindness and may even be life threatening. Liver damage can occur in children who take RDA-approved adult levels over prolonged periods of time, or in adults who take vitamin A in excess (as little as five times the RDA-approved amount). In children, chronic overdose can cause fluid on the brain in addition to other typical symptoms. Pregnant women who increase their intake of vitamin A are at risk for birth defects in their babies. High consumption may also increase a woman’s risk of gastric cancer, osteoporosis and bone fractures.

Although supplements can do us a world of good, remember that just because a product calls itself a vitamin or supplement, that doesn’t necessarily mean it’s good for you. Synthetic vitamins can actually be dangerous, so it’s important to be educated about them.

Click here for a free report that lists synthetic vitamins to watch out for and gives details about about their dangers.

We hope you found this vitamin A health article helpful! You might also be interested in these vitamin-related articles:

• Should You Take Vitamins and Minerals?
• B Vitamins Fact Sheet
• Vitamin C Fact Sheet
• Phytochemicals Fact Sheet
• Drugs That Deplete Vitamins and Minerals

This chart is an abbreviated list of the negative effects that specific drugs may have on the nutrients in your body:

We hope you found this health article helpful!